Solution

The rendering engine is responsible for displaying the web page on the screen.

It takes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript output and converts them into the visual layout that the user can interact with.

A JavaScript engine mainly executes JavaScript code.

Network protocol stack handles communication over the network.

Transport Layer Security Protocol is used for secure communication.

Solution

Cookies are small text files stored on the user's computer by websites.

They are used to save information such as login status, preferences, shopping cart data, and tracking details.

Cookies are not simply browsing history.

They are also not viruses by default.

Solution

A web browser is a program used to request, retrieve, and display web pages.

So,

$1\to b$

URL is the complete address that identifies the location of a web resource.

So,

$2\to d$

DNS converts a human-readable website name into a numerical network address.

So,

$3\to a$

HTTP is a set of standard rules used by browsers and servers to exchange web content.

So,

$4\to c$

Therefore, the correct matching is

$1\to b,\ 2\to d,\ 3\to a,\ 4\to c$

Solution

Solution

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol.

It is used by an email client to read and manage emails stored on an email server.

SMTP is mainly used for sending emails.

DNS resolves domain names into IP addresses.

ICMP is used for network control and error messages.

Solution

POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol version $3$.

It is generally used to download emails from the server to a local device. In many cases, emails may be deleted from the server after downloading.

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol.

It keeps emails on the server and synchronizes them across multiple devices.

So, POP3 is mainly download-based, while IMAP is synchronization-based.