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Phrases COMPREHENSION PASSAGE PYQ

Phrases PYQ

While cement is the basic raw material for producing cement tiles and cement paint which are used extensively in building construction. The main consumers of white cement are, therefore, cement tile and cement paint manufacturing units. These consumers, mostly in the small scale sector, are today facing a major crisis because of a significant increase in the price of white cement during a short period. The present actual licensed production capacity of white and grey cement in the country is approximately 3.5 lakh tonnes. The average demand is 2–2.5 lakh tonnes. This means that there is idle capacity to the tune of one lakh tonnes or more. The price rise is, therefore, not a phenomenon arising out of inadequate production capacity but evidently because of artificial scarcity created by the manufacturers in their self-interest.

The main reason for the continuing spurt in cement price is its decontrol. As it is, there is stiff competition in the cement paint and tile manufacturing business. Any further price revision at this stage is bound to have a severe adverse impact on the market conditions. The government should take adequate steps to ensure that suitable controls are brought in. Else it should allow import of cement.

What is the crisis being faced by the cement tile manufacturers as described in the passage?






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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2016 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ

While cement is the basic raw material for producing cement tiles and cement paint which are used extensively in building construction. The main consumers of white cement are, therefore, cement tile and cement paint manufacturing units. These consumers, mostly in the small scale sector, are today facing a major crisis because of a significant increase in the price of white cement during a short period. The present actual licensed production capacity of white and grey cement in the country is approximately 3.5 lakh tonnes. The average demand is 2–2.5 lakh tonnes. This means that there is idle capacity to the tune of one lakh tonnes or more. The price rise is, therefore, not a phenomenon arising out of inadequate production capacity but evidently because of artificial scarcity created by the manufacturers in their self-interest.

The main reason for the continuing spurt in cement price is its decontrol. As it is, there is stiff competition in the cement paint and tile manufacturing business. Any further price revision at this stage is bound to have a severe adverse impact on the market conditions. The government should take adequate steps to ensure that suitable controls are brought in. Else it should allow import of cement.

Which of the following words has the same meaning as the word ‘artificial’ as used in the passage?






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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2016 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ

While cement is the basic raw material for producing cement tiles and cement paint which are used extensively in building construction. The main consumers of white cement are, therefore, cement tile and cement paint manufacturing units. These consumers, mostly in the small scale sector, are today facing a major crisis because of a significant increase in the price of white cement during a short period. The present actual licensed production capacity of white and grey cement in the country is approximately 3.5 lakh tonnes. The average demand is 2–2.5 lakh tonnes. This means that there is idle capacity to the tune of one lakh tonnes or more. The price rise is, therefore, not a phenomenon arising out of inadequate production capacity but evidently because of artificial scarcity created by the manufacturers in their self-interest.

The main reason for the continuing spurt in cement price is its decontrol. As it is, there is stiff competition in the cement paint and tile manufacturing business. Any further price revision at this stage is bound to have a severe adverse impact on the market conditions. The government should take adequate steps to ensure that suitable controls are brought in. Else it should allow import of cement.

Which of the following words has the opposite meaning as the word ‘basic’ as used in the passage?






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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2016 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ

While cement is the basic raw material for producing cement tiles and cement paint which are used extensively in building construction. The main consumers of white cement are, therefore, cement tile and cement paint manufacturing units. These consumers, mostly in the small scale sector, are today facing a major crisis because of a significant increase in the price of white cement during a short period. The present actual licensed production capacity of white and grey cement in the country is approximately 3.5 lakh tonnes. The average demand is 2–2.5 lakh tonnes. This means that there is idle capacity to the tune of one lakh tonnes or more. The price rise is, therefore, not a phenomenon arising out of inadequate production capacity but evidently because of artificial scarcity created by the manufacturers in their self-interest.

The main reason for the continuing spurt in cement price is its decontrol. As it is, there is stiff competition in the cement paint and tile manufacturing business. Any further price revision at this stage is bound to have a severe adverse impact on the market conditions. The government should take adequate steps to ensure that suitable controls are brought in. Else it should allow import of cement.

Why is the price of cement going up?






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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2016 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ
Read the following passage and answer the questions, based on what is stated or implied in the
passage: Declassification of government documents has shed new light on the events comprising the
Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. Prior to the accessibility of these records, the only source of
account of the Crisis for scholars and historians were the personal memoirs and narratives of the
officials who served under Kennedy and Krushchev during this period. Many of declassified
documents are transcriptions and notes of meetings between members of the CIA and President
Kennedy‟s Cabinet, as well as the President himself. The revelations in these documents have
demonstrated the inadvertent inaccuracies and intended obscurities inherent in the first-person
narratives of the Crisis, and has aided historians from all three countries involved in the Crisis to get
a more authentic representation of what truly transpired, and for what reasons. Of perhaps the most
interest to historians are declassified correspondence between John F. Kennedy and Nikita
Krushchev that challenge the idea that the height of the Crisis extended only over the course of
thirteen days. Indeed, these letters indicate that the Crisis was far from resolved by Khrushchev‟s
October 28 decision to withdraw the Soviet Missiles from Cuba; instead it endured far into the
following month, while slept fitfully under the illusion of peace. 

The Author is mainly concerned with 





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2008 PYQ

Solution

The passage focuses on how newly declassified documents correct or refute earlier understandings based mainly on personal memoirs and hearsay, providing more concrete and reliable evidence.
Phrases PYQ
Read the following passage and answer the questions, based on what is stated or implied in the
passage: Declassification of government documents has shed new light on the events comprising the
Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. Prior to the accessibility of these records, the only source of
account of the Crisis for scholars and historians were the personal memoirs and narratives of the
officials who served under Kennedy and Krushchev during this period. Many of declassified
documents are transcriptions and notes of meetings between members of the CIA and President
Kennedy‟s Cabinet, as well as the President himself. The revelations in these documents have
demonstrated the inadvertent inaccuracies and intended obscurities inherent in the first-person
narratives of the Crisis, and has aided historians from all three countries involved in the Crisis to get
a more authentic representation of what truly transpired, and for what reasons. Of perhaps the most
interest to historians are declassified correspondence between John F. Kennedy and Nikita
Krushchev that challenge the idea that the height of the Crisis extended only over the course of
thirteen days. Indeed, these letters indicate that the Crisis was far from resolved by Khrushchev‟s
October 28 decision to withdraw the Soviet Missiles from Cuba; instead it endured far into the
following month, while slept fitfully under the illusion of peace. 

 According to the passage, which of the following statements (s) is/are true of the Cubian Missile
Crisis?
I. The Crisis is still shrouded in mystery
II. The memoirs of those closely involved in the Crisis were not entirely factual
III. The crisis spanned thirteen days





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2008 PYQ

Solution

Statement I is false because the passage says declassified documents have clarified events.
Statement II is true because memoirs contained inaccuracies and obscurities.
Statement III is false because the crisis lasted longer than thirteen days.
Phrases PYQ
Read the following passage and answer the questions, based on what is stated or implied in the
passage: Declassification of government documents has shed new light on the events comprising the
Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. Prior to the accessibility of these records, the only source of
account of the Crisis for scholars and historians were the personal memoirs and narratives of the
officials who served under Kennedy and Krushchev during this period. Many of declassified
documents are transcriptions and notes of meetings between members of the CIA and President
Kennedy‟s Cabinet, as well as the President himself. The revelations in these documents have
demonstrated the inadvertent inaccuracies and intended obscurities inherent in the first-person
narratives of the Crisis, and has aided historians from all three countries involved in the Crisis to get
a more authentic representation of what truly transpired, and for what reasons. Of perhaps the most
interest to historians are declassified correspondence between John F. Kennedy and Nikita
Krushchev that challenge the idea that the height of the Crisis extended only over the course of
thirteen days. Indeed, these letters indicate that the Crisis was far from resolved by Khrushchev‟s
October 28 decision to withdraw the Soviet Missiles from Cuba; instead it endured far into the
following month, while slept fitfully under the illusion of peace. 

The author‟s use of the phrase “inadvertent inaccuracies and intended obscurities” suggests all
of the following EXCEPT





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2008 PYQ

Solution

The phrase suggests errors of memory, perception, and deliberate omission, but it does not suggest that every politician is deceptive.
Phrases PYQ
I do not wish to cast aspersions on the corporate takeover. On the contrary, it is a key facilitator of creative destruction and doubtless the most effective remaining means by which shareholder voices can mold a corporation. But while change in management is often necessary, you cannot effectively run a corporation with differing authoritative i voices espousing opposing corporate goals. It has to be one or the other. If the board s riven with conflicting interests, corporate governance will suffer. If directors cannot agree with the CEO's strategy, they should replace him. Corporate dissonance, of course, is unavoidable in periods of transition. But it is not a value to be pursued for its own sake. A cacophony produces only red ink.
What according to the author facilitates creative destruction?





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2018 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ
I do not wish to cast aspersions on the corporate takeover. On the contrary, it is a key facilitator of creative destruction and doubtless the most effective remaining means by which shareholder voices can mold a corporation. But while change in management is often necessary, you cannot effectively run a corporation with differing authoritative i voices espousing opposing corporate goals. It has to be one or the other. If the board s riven with conflicting interests, corporate governance will suffer. If directors cannot agree with the CEO's strategy, they should replace him. Corporate dissonance, of course, is unavoidable in periods of transition. But it is not a value to be pursued for its own sake. A cacophony produces only red ink.
Which of the following words used in the passage reinforces the idea contained in the word, 'DISSONANCE'?





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2018 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ
I do not wish to cast aspersions on the corporate takeover. On the contrary, it is a key facilitator of creative destruction and doubtless the most effective remaining means by which shareholder voices can mold a corporation. But while change in management is often necessary, you cannot effectively run a corporation with differing authoritative i voices espousing opposing corporate goals. It has to be one or the other. If the board s riven with conflicting interests, corporate governance will suffer. If directors cannot agree with the CEO's strategy, they should replace him. Corporate dissonance, of course, is unavoidable in periods of transition. But it is not a value to be pursued for its own sake. A cacophony produces only red ink.
What according to the author makes corporate governance suffer? 





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2018 PYQ

Solution

Phrases PYQ
Which is the central syndrome talked about in the paragraph?





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

The entire paragraph explains how air pollution → inflammation → endothelial dysfunction → atherogenesis (leading cardiovascular disease).
Phrases PYQ
Which of the following is true?
i) Exposure to air pollution may result in increase in TF and decrease in TM
ii) Effect of air pollution is severe on humans and occurs after adolescence
iii) Endothelial cells are sensitive target for air pollutants





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

(i) TRUE – paragraph clearly says TF↑ and TM↓
(ii) FALSE – paragraph says effect is seen in young adults, children, adolescents
(iii) TRUE – passage states endothelial cells are sensitive targets

Correct pair = (i) and (iii)
Phrases PYQ
The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for
more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighted in some cases as much as a
piloted hang glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters. Solved the problems of powered flight,
and exactly what these creatures were reptiles or birds are among the questions scientists have
puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their
skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not
evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb
supported a wing like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In
birds the second fingure is the principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the
pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn
upward in an extended inverted V-shape along side of the animal‟s body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both
the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the
birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. 

According to the passage the skeleton of pterosaurs can be distinguished from that of a bird by the:





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2009 PYQ

Solution

The passage explains that in pterosaurs the wing is supported by an elongated fourth finger, while in birds the wing strut is different and consists primarily of feathers.
Phrases PYQ
The primary cause of cardiovascular disease due to factors discussed in paragraph is





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Paragraph states: air pollution → endothelial dysfunction → progression of cardiovascular diseases.
Phrases PYQ
The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for
more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighted in some cases as much as a
piloted hang glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters. Solved the problems of powered flight,
and exactly what these creatures were reptiles or birds are among the questions scientists have
puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their
skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not
evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb
supported a wing like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In
birds the second fingure is the principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the
pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn
upward in an extended inverted V-shape along side of the animal‟s body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both
the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the
birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. 

It can be inferred from the passage that the scientists now generally agree that:





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2009 PYQ

Solution

The passage states that the least controversial assertion is that pterosaurs were reptiles, indicating general agreement among scientists.
Phrases PYQ
Paragraph
Books are 101 the most 102 product of human effort. Temples 103 to ruin, pictures and statues 104; but books 105.

Books are 101 the most ______ product of human effort.





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Correct word is by far.
Phrases PYQ
Books are by far the most 102 product of human effort.





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Correct word is lasting.
Phrases PYQ
Temples 103 to ruin.





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Correct word is crumble.
Phrases PYQ
Pictures and statues 104.





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Correct word is fade.
Phrases PYQ
But books 105.





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2011 PYQ

Solution

Correct word is live.
Phrases PYQ
Observe the dilemma of the fungus: It is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyll. While all other plants put
the sun's energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into the body structure, the
chlorophylless must look elsewhere for energy supply. It finds it in those other plants which, having
received their energy free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their cycle either to animals (like us
humans) or to the fungi.
In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth's major source of rot and decay. Whereever you
see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile of leaves turning to compost, or a blown-down tree becoming
pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high
with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact, certain plants which contain resins that are toxic to fungi
will last indefinitely; specimens of the redwood, for instance, can still be found resting on the forest floor
centuries after having been blown down

The passage states all the following about fungi EXCEPT;





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2010 PYQ

Solution

The passage explains that fungi decompose plant life, rely on other plants for energy, and differ from plants because they lack chlorophyll. It states that resin-producing plants are toxic to fungi, not that fungi are poisonous to them. So option (4) is not mentioned in the passage.
Phrases PYQ
Observe the dilemma of the fungus: It is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyll. While all other plants put
the sun's energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into the body structure, the
chlorophylless must look elsewhere for energy supply. It finds it in those other plants which, having
received their energy free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their cycle either to animals (like us
humans) or to the fungi.
In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth's major source of rot and decay. Whereever you
see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile of leaves turning to compost, or a blown-down tree becoming
pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high
with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact, certain plants which contain resins that are toxic to fungi
will last indefinitely; specimens of the redwood, for instance, can still be found resting on the forest floor
centuries after having been blown down

The passage is primarily concerned with:





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Phrases Previous Year PYQ Phrases NIMCET 2010 PYQ

Solution

The passage mainly describes how fungi obtain energy, how they decompose plant matter, and how they act in nature. So the main focus is describing the action of fungi.

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