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Taxonomy → Classification → IV
Pedology → Study of soil / earth (related to earth history) → II
Man → Social → III
Nation → Biography / historical account → I

Correct Answer: (a) A–IV, B–I, C–III, D–II

Solution

A Half Adder is a combinational circuit used to add two binary bits.

Inputs: A, B → 2 inputs
Outputs: Sum (S) and Carry (C) → 2 outputs

Sum = A ⊕ B
Carry = A · B

Solution

FCFS → process which comes first → II
SJF → shortest burst time → III
Priority Scheduling → highest priority → I
Round Robin (RR) → time sharing → IV

Solution

Split the series into two parts:

1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th terms: M, O, R, V
Positions: 13, 15, 18, 22
Pattern: +2, +3, +4

2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th terms: N, L, J, ?
Positions: 14, 12, 10, 8
Pattern: −2, −2, −2

Position 8 corresponds to H.

Correct Answer: (d) H

Solution

In a Binary Search Tree (BST), all keys in the left subtree are smaller than the root and all keys in the right subtree are larger than the root.

Inorder traversal follows the order:
Left Subtree → Root → Right Subtree

Because of the BST property, this traversal prints the elements in sorted order.

The reason correctly explains the inorder traversal process where the root is printed between its left and right subtree.

Correct Answer: (a) Assertion is true, Reason is true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Solution

A(BA) = (AB)A = ABA

If A and B are symmetric matrices, then

(ABA)^T = A^TB^TA^T

Since A and B are symmetric,

A^T = A and B^T = B

Therefore

(ABA)^T = ABA

Hence A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.

Also, AB is symmetric if AB = BA (i.e., A and B commute).

Correct Answer: (a) Assertion is true, Reason is true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Solution

1. Memory Address Register (MAR) sends the address → (A)
2. Address is placed on the address bus → (B)
3. Control unit sends the read signal → (C)
4. Data is fetched and stored in Memory Data Register (MDR) → (D)

Correct Order: A → B → C → D

Correct Answer: (b) A, B, C, D

Solution

Minimum Spanning Tree → Kruskal's algorithm → III
Topological Sort → DFS based algorithm → IV
Recursion → uses stack → II
AVL Tree → height balanced tree → I

Correct Answer: (d) (A)-III, (B)-IV, (C)-II, (D)-I

Solution

If a matrix A is symmetric, then
A^T = A

If a matrix A is skew symmetric, then
A^T = −A

For both conditions to hold:
A = −A

⇒ 2A = 0
⇒ A = 0

Therefore, the matrix must be a zero matrix.

Correct Answer: (b) A is zero matrix

Solution

Cub → young one of Tiger
Fawn → young one of Deer

Adult male deer is called Stag.

Correct Answer: (b) Stag

Solution

Deletion from Queue → O(1)
Worst case search in Binary Search Tree → O(n)
Insertion in Stack → O(1)
Quick Sort worst case → O(n²)

Same order complexity:
Deletion from Queue and Insertion in Stack → O(1)

Correct Answer: (b) A, C

Solution

Half Adder → Combinational circuit
Full Adder → Combinational circuit

SR Flip Flop → Sequential circuit
D Flip Flop → Sequential circuit

Combinational circuits depend only on present input, while sequential circuits depend on present input and previous state.

Correct Answer: (a) A, C

Solution

Number of elements in an array is calculated using:

Length = Upper Bound − Lower Bound + 1

Example:
If Lower Bound = 0 and Upper Bound = 9

Length = 9 − 0 + 1 = 10

Correct Answer: (c) Upper bound − Lower bound + 1

Solution

Interprocess Communication (IPC) between cooperating processes is mainly based on two fundamental models:

Shared Memory Model
Message Passing Model

Shared memory allows processes to communicate by sharing a common memory space, while message passing allows processes to exchange information through messages.

Correct Answer: (b) A, C

Solution

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Tower of Hanoi → solved using recursion and stack concept
Evaluation of postfix expression → uses stack
Recursion → implemented using call stack

Priority queue is implemented using heap or special queue structure, not stack.

Correct Answer: (c) Priority queue

Solution

Step 1: Plot truth table outputs on K-map → (B)
Step 2: Draw groups (loops) of adjacent 1's or 0's → (D)
Step 3: Identify prime implicants and essential prime implicants → (C)
Step 4: Write minimized SOP / POS expression → (A)

Correct Order: B → D → C → A

Correct Answer: (d) B, D, C, A

Solution

Copper is widely used in electric wires because it has very low electrical resistance (high conductivity), which allows electric current to flow easily with minimal energy loss.

Thus, the Assertion is true and the Reason is also true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Correct Answer: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Solution

In reality, when lightning strikes, we see the light before hearing the thunder because the speed of light is much greater than the speed of sound.

Therefore, the Assertion is false, while the Reason is true.

Solution