Solution

1. Flash Memory (A):

   • Flash memory is a type of non-volatile RAM that retains data even when power is turned off. It is often used in devices like USB drives, SSDs, and memory cards.

2. PMOS (B):

   • PMOS (P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is one of the oldest and slowest types of MOSFET technology. It was widely used in early integrated circuits.

3. NMOS (C):

   • NMOS (N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is commonly used in large-scale integration (LSI) due to its faster switching speed compared to PMOS.

4. CMOS (D):

   • CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is known for its low power consumption because it uses both PMOS and NMOS transistors in a complementary way, reducing static power dissipation.