Consider the following grammar:
$S\to XY$
$X\to YaY\mid a$
$Y\to bbX$
Which of the following statements is/are true about the above grammar?
$(a)$ Strings produced by the grammar can have consecutive three $a$'s.
$(b)$ Every string produced by the grammar has alternate $a$ and $b$.
$(c)$ Every string produced by the grammar has at least two $a$'s.
$(d)$ Every string produced by the grammar has $b$'s in multiple of $2$.
Given grammar is
$S\to XY$
$X\to YaY\mid a$
$Y\to bbX$
Since $S\to XY$, the string contains one part from $X$ and one part from $Y$.
Now, $X$ can generate at least one $a$.
Also, $Y\to bbX$, so $Y$ also contains one $X$, which again gives at least one $a$.
Therefore, every string generated by $S$ has at least two $a$'s.
So, statement $(c)$ is true.
Also, every use of $Y$ contributes $bb$, that is $2$ occurrences of $b$.
So, the number of $b$'s is always in multiple of $2$.
Therefore, statement $(d)$ is true.
The grammar contains $bb$, so alternate $a$ and $b$ condition is false.
Also, consecutive three $a$'s are not necessarily produced.
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and More.