Let $f(x)$ be continuous whose values are known at
$-2,-1,1,2$. If the Lagrange interpolation formula
$f(x)=L_1f(-2)+L_2f(-1)+L_3f(1)+L_4f(2)$ is used to approximate
$f(0)$, then $L_3$ is
A lot consists of 20 defective and 80 non-defective items. Two items are drawn at random without replacement. What is the probability that both items are defective?
A five digits number is formed by writing the digits $1,2,3,4,5$ in a random order without repetitions. Then the probability that the number is divisible by $4$ is
Two persons $A$ and $B$ take turns in throwing a pair of dice. The first person to throw $9$ from both dice will be awarded the prize. If $A$ throws first, then the probability that $B$ wins
If $\omega$ is a complex cube root of unity, then the value of
$\dfrac{p + q\omega + r\omega^2}{r + p\omega + q\omega^2} + \dfrac{p + q\omega + r\omega^2}{q + r\omega + p\omega^2}$ $(p,q,r \in R)$ is equal to
If $P$ is the population proportion of some characteristic under study,
$Q=1-P$ and $n$ is the sample size, then the standard error of observed sample proportion is
Two bodies of mass 100 g and 20 g are moving with velocities
$(2\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k})$ cm/s and $(-10\hat{i}+35\hat{j}-3\hat{k})$ cm/s respectively.
What is the velocity of centre of mass of this two body system?
A dictionary is printed consisting of $7$ letters words only that can be made with letters of word $CRICKET$. If the words are printed at the alphabetical order as in an ordinary dictionary, then the number of words before the word $CRICKET$ is
An investigator interviewed $100$ students to determine the performance of three drinks milk, coffee and tea. The investigator reported that $10$ students take all three drinks milk, coffee and tea; $20$ students take milk and coffee, $30$ students take coffee and tea, $25$ students take milk and tea, $12$ students take milk only, $5$ students take coffee only and $8$ students take tea only. Then the number of students who did not take any of the three drinks is
Let $Y={1,2,3,4,5},; A={1,2},; B={3,4,5}$ and $\phi$ denotes null set. If $(A \times B)$ denotes cartesian product of the sets $A$ and $B$, then $(Y \times A)\cap (Y \times B)$ is
Let $A={2,3,4,5,\ldots,16,17,18}$. Let $\approx$ be the equivalence relation on $A \times A$ cartesian product of $A$ and $A$, defined by $(a,b)\approx(c,d)$ if $ad=bc$, then the number of ordered pairs of the equivalence class of $(3,2)$ is
If $a, b$ be two fixed positive integers such that $f(a + x)= b + \left[b^3 + 1 - 3b^2 f(x) + 3b{f(x) - (f(x))^3}\right]^{1/3}$ for all real $x$, then $f(x)$ is a periodic function with period
If a random sample of size 20 from a normal population with variance 225 has mean $\bar{x}=64.3$, then the 95% confidence interval for the population mean $\mu$ is (Given that $Z_{0.025}=1.96$).
Let $A, B$ and $C$ are the angles of a plain triangle and $\tan\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3},; \tan\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}$. Then $\tan\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)$ is equal to
If $\alpha, \beta; (\alpha \ne \beta)$ satisfies the equation $a\cos\theta + b\sin\theta = c$, then the value of $\tan\left(\dfrac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)$ is
A ray of light passing through the point $(1,2)$ is reflected on the $x$-axis at a point $P$ and passes through the point $(5,3)$, then the abscissa of point $P$ is
While testing the independence of attributes using Chi-square distribution, suppose attribute $A$ is specified into three classes and attribute $B$ is classified into four classes, then the degree of freedom of Chi-square test is:
The length of the chord joining the points in which the straight line $\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{y}{4} = 1$ cuts the circle $x^2 + y^2 = \dfrac{169}{25}$ is
Let $p$ be the probability that a coin will fall head in a single toss in order to test
$H_0 : p = 1/2$ against $H_1 : p = 3/4$.
The coin is tossed 5 times and $H_0$ is rejected if more than 3 heads are obtained. Then the probability of Type-I error is:
Suppose that there are $K$ treatments and $n$ blocks in a randomized block design. In analysis of variance for this design, the error degrees of freedom is:
If a bar of given length moves with its extremities on two fixed straight lines at right angles, then the locus of any point on bar marked on the bar describes a/an
The function $f(x)=\dfrac{1 - \sin x + \cos x}{1 + \sin x + \cos x}$ is not defined at $x=\pi$. The value of $f(\pi)$, so that $f(x)$ is continuous at $x=\pi$, is
Thirty men and thirty women with knee pain were subjects in an experiment to determine the effectiveness of a new pain medication. Fifteen of the 30 men and 15 of the 30 women were chosen randomly to receive the new drug. The remaining 15 men and 15 women received a placebo. The decrease in pain was measured for each subject. Then the design of experiment is
If $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ be the angles which a line subtends with the positive direction of coordinate axes, then
$\sin^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \beta + \sin^2 \gamma$ equals
A curve having the condition that the slope of tangent at some point is two times the slope of the straight line joining the same point to the origin of co-ordinates, is a/an
If $ \hat{i}, \hat{j}, \hat{k} $ are unit vectors and $ |\vec{a}| = a $, then the value of
$ |\hat{i} \times \vec{a}|^2 + |\hat{j} \times \vec{a}|^2 + |\hat{k} \times \vec{a}|^2 $ is
Let the unit vectors $ \vec{a} $ and $ \vec{b} $ be perpendicular to each other and the unit vector $ \vec{c} $ be inclined at an angle $ \theta $ to both $ \vec{a} $ and $ \vec{b} $. If
$ \vec{c} = \alpha \vec{a} + \beta \vec{b} + \gamma (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}) $, where $ \alpha, \beta, \gamma $ are scalars, then
If $ y = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2 - b^2}} \cos^{-1}\left[\dfrac{a\cos(x-a) + b}{\theta}\right] $ where $ \theta = a + b\cos(x-a) $, then $ \dfrac{dy}{dx} $ is equal to
Let $K$ be a set of real number and $f:K \to R$ such that for all $x$ and $y$,
$ |f(x) - f(y)| \le |x - y|^5 $. If $f(3)=7$, then the value of $f(9)$ is equal to
If the centre of mass of three particles of masses 10, 20 and 30 gram be at the point $(1,-2,3)$, where should a fourth particle of 40 gram be placed so that the combined centre of mass may be $(1,1,1)$ ?
Which statement is true for the line
$\frac{x - 4}{8} = \frac{y - 2}{2} = \frac{z - 3}{3}$ and plane having intercepts $-4, 2$ and $3$ of the following
A region in the $xy$-plane is bounded by the curve $y=\sqrt{25-x^2}$ and the line $y=0$. If the point $(a,a+1)$ lies in the interior of the region, then
If $A_i\ (i=1,2,\ldots,n)$ are $n$ independent events, with $P(A_i)=1-\frac{1}{2^i}$, then the probability that atleast one of the $n$ events occurs, is
A straight line has its extremities on two fixed straight lines and cuts off from them a triangle of constant area $C^2$. Then the locus of the middle point of the line is
Let $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots,a_n$ be in A.P. If
$\frac{1}{a_1a_n}+\frac{1}{a_2a_{n-1}}+\ldots+\frac{1}{a_na_1}=\frac{K}{a_1+a_n}\left(\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{a_n}\right)$, then $K$ is equal to
Let $A$ be an event that a family has children of both sexes and $B$ be the event that the family has atmost one boy. If the family has $3$ children then the events $A$ and $B$ are
A ray of light passing through the point $(1,2)$ reflects on the $X$-axis at point $A$ and the reflected ray passes through the point $(5,3)$. The coordinate of $A$ is
Consider the following relations in the real numbers
$R_1={(x,y)\mid x^2+y^2\leq25}$
$R_2={(x,y)\mid y\geq\frac{4x^2}{9}}$
then the range of $R_1\cap R_2$ is
A five-digit number divisible by $3$ is to be formed using the numbers $0,1,3,4$ and $5$ without repetition. The total number of ways this can be done is
A fair coin is tossed $n$ times. Let the random variable $X$ denote the number of times the head occurs. If $P[X=1],\ P[X=2]$ and $P[X=3]$ are in arithmetic progression (AP), then the number $n$ of independent trial is
Let $\alpha_n$ be the $n$th term of an AP, whose first term is $a$ and common difference is $d$. If for some positive integers $m,n,\ m\ne n$, $\alpha_m=\frac{1}{n}$ and $\alpha_n=\frac{1}{m}$, then $a-d$ equals
The unit vector which is orthogonal to the vector $\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k}$ and is coplanar with vectors $\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-\hat{k}$ and $2\hat{i}+\hat{j}+3\hat{k}$ is
The distance of point of intersection of the line
$\frac{x-2}{3}=\frac{y+1}{4}=\frac{z-2}{12}$ with the plane $x-y+z=5$ from the point with position vector $\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\hat{k}$ is
Let $\frac{\sin(\theta-\alpha)}{\sin(\theta-\beta)}=\frac{a}{b},\ \frac{\cos(\theta-\alpha)}{\cos(\theta-\beta)}=\frac{c}{d}$. Then the value of $\cos(\alpha-\beta)$ equals
If $a,b,c$ are the integers between $1$ and $9$ and $a51,\ b41,\ c31$ are three-digit numbers and the value of determinant $D=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}5&4&3\\a51&b41&c31\\a&b&c\end{array}\right|$ is zero, then $a,b,c$ are
$ (A \cup B \cup C)\cap (A \cap B' \cap C')' \cap C' $
$ = (A \cup B \cup C)\cap (A' \cup B \cup C)\cap C' $
$ = [(A \cup B \cup C)\cap A'] \cup [(A \cup B \cup C)\cap (B \cup C)] \cap C' $
$ = (B \cup C)\cap C' $
$ = (B \cap C') \cup (C \cap C') $
$ = B \cap C' $
Let $c$ be an integer.
For LHL,
$ \lim_{x \to c^-} f(x)=\lim_{h\to0^+}[(c-h)-[c-h]] $
Since $[c-h]=c-1$,
$ =\lim_{h\to0}(c-h-(c-1)) $
$ =\lim_{h\to0}(1-h)=1 $
For RHL,
$ \lim_{x \to c^+} f(x)=\lim_{h\to0^+}[(c+h)-[c+h]] $
Since $[c+h]=c$,
$ =\lim_{h\to0}(c+h-c) $
$ =\lim_{h\to0}h=0 $
Thus, $ \text{LHL} \ne \text{RHL} $
$\therefore f(x)$ is discontinuous at all integers.
Hence, $f(x)$ is continuous at non-integer points only.
If $\sin(\alpha+\beta)=1,\ \sin(\alpha-\beta)=\frac{1}{2},\ \alpha,\beta\in\left[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\right]$ then the value of $\tan(\alpha+2\beta)\tan(2\alpha+\beta)$ is
Let $f(x)$ be a function defined by
$f(x)=\begin{cases}4x-5,\ x\le2 \ x-\lambda,\ x>2 \end{cases}$
If $\lim_{x\to2} f(x)$ exists, then the value of $\lambda$ is
Given circle:
$ x^2+y^2-2x-4y-20=0 $
$ \Rightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2=25 $
Centre $=(1,2)$, radius $=5$
New circle also radius $=5$
Since they touch externally, centres lie on line joining and midpoint is $(5,5)$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{h+1}{2}=5,\ \frac{k+2}{2}=5 $
$ \Rightarrow h=9,\ k=8 $
Equation:
$ (x-9)^2+(y-8)^2=25 $
A man repays a loan of ₹ $3250$ by paying ₹ $20$ in the first month and then increases the payment by ₹ $15$ every month. How long will it take him to clear the loan?
The number of words with or without meaning which can be made using all the letters of the word AGAIN. If these words are written as in a dictionary, then the $50$th word will be
Letters: A, A, G, I, N
Words starting with A:
$ \frac{4!}{2!}=12 $
Starting with G:
$ \frac{4!}{2!}=12 $
Starting with I:
$ \frac{4!}{2!}=12 $
Total till I: $12+12+12=36$
Next start with N
Remaining: A, A, G, I
Arrangements:
$ \frac{4!}{2!}=12 $
So positions $37$ to $48$
$49^{th}$ word = NAAGI
$50^{th}$ word = NAAIG
The length $x$ of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of $6$ cm/min and the width $y$ is increasing at the rate of $4$ cm/min. When $x=8$ cm and $y=4$ cm, the rate of change of the area of the rectangle is
If $A$ and $B$ are two events associated to some experiment $E$ such that $P(A)=0.5,\ P(B)=0.4,\ P(A\cap B)=0.3$, then $P\left(\frac{A^c}{B^c}\right)$ is equal to
In LPP, optimal solution always occurs at a corner point of feasible region.
Corner points are basic feasible solutions.
$ \Rightarrow $ Some optimal solutions are basic feasible solutions.
The shortest distance between the lines
$\vec r=(4\hat i-\hat j)+\lambda(\hat i+2\hat j-3\hat k)$
and
$\vec r=(\hat i-\hat j+2\hat k)+\mu(2\hat i+4\hat j-5\hat k)$ is
Let $A$ and $B$ be two points with position vectors $\vec a$ and $\vec b$ respectively and let $C$ be a point dividing $AB$ internally and the position vector of $C$ on $AB$ is $\vec c=\lambda \vec a+\mu \vec b$, then
Three identical fair dice are thrown independently. Let $Y$ denote the number of dice showing even numbers on their upper faces. Then the variance of random variable $Y$ is:
Each die has probability $p = \frac{1}{2}$ of showing an even number.
So $Y \sim \text{Binomial}(3, \frac12)$
Variance
$= npq = 3 \times \frac12 \times \frac12 = \frac{3}{4}$
Corner points of feasible region are checked.
Maximum value of $z$ occurs at intersection of
$6x_1 + 5x_2 = 25$ and $x_1 + 3x_2 = 10$.
Substituting gives $x_1 = 2.5$, $x_2 = 3$.
$z = 2(2.5) + 3(3) = 5 + 9 = 13.5$.
In simple random sampling without replacement, the probability that a specified unit of the population will be included in the sample
(Here $n$ denotes sample size and $N$ denotes population size) is:
$ e^x (1+\tan x)\sec x = e^x (\sec x + \sec x \tan x) $
Let $f(x)=\sec x$, then $f'(x)=\sec x \tan x$
$ \Rightarrow \int e^x [f(x)+f'(x)] dx = e^x f(x) + C $
$ = e^x \sec x + C $
Rank of coefficient matrix equals rank of augmented matrix but less than number of variables, hence there are 2 degenerate and 1 non-degenerate solutions.
Put $x=\tan \theta$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}=\frac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}=\cos 2\theta $
So,
$ y=\sin^{-1}(\cos 2\theta) $
Now important step (range use):
Since $0
Let $X$ be a continuous random variable such that $E|X| < \infty$ and
$P\left(X \ge \frac12 + x\right) = P\left(X \le \frac12 - x\right)$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.
Then:
A discrete random variable $X$ taking non-negative values has the following moment generating function
$M_X(t) = e^{2(e^t-1)},; -\infty < t < \infty$
Then, the value of $P(X \le 1)$ is:
If $y = \sin(mx)$, then the value of the determinant
$\begin{vmatrix} y & y_1 & y_2 \\ y_3 & y_4 & y_5 \\ y_6 & y_7 & y_8 \end{vmatrix}$
where $y_n = \dfrac{d^n y}{dx^n}$ is
Let $f(x) = \cos x$Differentiating with respect to $x$:$f'(x) = -\sin x$For a function to be strictly decreasing, $f'(x) < 0$:$-\sin x < 0$$\sin x > 0$The sine function is positive ($\sin x > 0$) in the first and second quadrants, specifically for the interval $x \in (0, \pi)$.
Let $T:\mathbb{R}^4 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3$ be a linear transformation defined by
$T(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)=C(x_1-x_2,;x_2-x_3,;x_3-x_4)$
Then which of the following is true?(i) $\dim(\ker T)=1$ if $C \ne 0$
(ii) $\dim(\ker T)=0$ if $C=0$
(iii) $\dim(\ker T)=1$ if $T$ is onto
Given, $\sin^{-1} x - \cos^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{6}$ — (i)We know the identity: $\sin^{-1} x + \cos^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{2}$ — (ii)Adding equations (i) and (ii):$(\sin^{-1} x - \cos^{-1} x) + (\sin^{-1} x + \cos^{-1} x) = \frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{\pi}{2}$$2\sin^{-1} x = \frac{\pi + 3\pi}{6}$$2\sin^{-1} x = \frac{4\pi}{6}$$2\sin^{-1} x = \frac{2\pi}{3}$$\sin^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{3}$$x = \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$$x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
Let $X_1, X_2, … , X_n$ be i.i.d. random variables having pdf
$f(x) = (1/θ) e^{-x/θ},; 0 < x < ∞,; θ > 0$
The cdf of the largest order statistic
$X_{(n)} = max(X_1, X_2, … , X_n)$
is:
First find the cdf of a single variable $X$:
$F(x)=P(X\le x)=\int_0^x \frac{1}{\theta}e^{-t/\theta},dt
=1-e^{-x/\theta}$
For the largest order statistic,
$F_{X_{(n)}}(x)=P(X_{(n)}\le x)$
Largest $\le x$ means all observations $\le x$:
$P(X_{(n)}\le x)=P(X_1\le x,\dots,X_n\le x)$
Since variables are independent,
$= [F(x)]^n = (1-e^{-x/\theta})^n$
As $x \to 0$, $\csc x \sim \frac{1}{x}$.
So expression becomes $\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^{1/\log x}$.
Using standard limit result, the value is $\frac{1}{e}$.
$f_x = 3x^2$
$f_y = 3y^2$
At (0,0) → critical point
Second derivatives:
$f_{xx} = 6x$, $f_{yy} = 6y$
At (0,0) → 0
Function changes sign around origin → saddle point
Let $T : P_2(x) \to P_2(x)$ be a linear transformation on vector space $P_2(x)$ (polynomials of degree $\le 2$ over $\mathbb{R}$) such that
$T(f(x)) = \dfrac{d}{dx}(f(x))$.
Then the matrix of $T$ w.r.t. basis ${1, x, x^2}$ is:
A box contains tickets numbered $1$ to $N$.
Let $X$ be the largest number drawn in $n$ random drawings with replacement.
Then the probability $P(X = k)$ is:
Let the equation of a straight line passing through point $A(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)$ and having direction ratios $l,m,n$ be
$\dfrac{x-\alpha}{l}=\dfrac{y-\beta}{m}=\dfrac{z-\gamma}{n}=r$
Suppose $P$ is any arbitrary point on this line with coordinates $(\alpha+lr,\beta+mr,\gamma+nr)$. Geometrically, $r$ is
Let $f(x)=\frac{\log x}{x}$
$f'(x)=\frac{1-\log x}{x^2}$
Set $f'(x)=0 \Rightarrow \log x=1 \Rightarrow x=e$
Maximum value $= \frac{\log e}{e}=\frac{1}{e}$
The extremal of functional
$\iint_D\left[\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\partial^2 z}{\partial x\partial y}\right)^2\right]dxdy$
is
If $\left[\matrix{\alpha & \beta \cr \gamma & -\alpha}\right]$ is to be square root of the two rowed unit matrix, then $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ should satisfy
Given $AB = A$
Multiply by $A$:
$A(AB) = A^2 \Rightarrow A^2 = A$
Similarly, from $BA = B$:
$B^2 = B$
Hence both are idempotent
Final Answer: $\boxed{\text{A and B are idempotent}}$
Given asymptote slope = $-1$.
For rectangular hyperbola, slopes of asymptotes are negative reciprocals.
So other slope = $1$.
Required line of slope 1 through centre gives:
$x - y - c = 0$
The derivative of $f(x,y)=x^2+xy$ at $P_0(1,1)$ in the direction of unit vector
$\vec{u}=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\hat{i}+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\hat{j}$
is
Out of $(2n+1)$ consecutively numbered tickets, three tickets are drawn at random. The probability that the numbers on them are in arithmetic progression is
Total ways: $\binom{2n+1}{3}$
AP triples: choose middle term and common difference
Total AP = $n(2n+1)$
Probability = $\frac{n(2n+1)}{\binom{2n+1}{3}} = \frac{3n}{4n^2 -1}$
Final Answer: $\boxed{\frac{3n}{4n^2 -1}}$
A certain item is manufactured by machine $M_1$ and $M_2$. $M_1$ produces twice items as $M_2$. $4%$ from $M_1$ and $3%$ from $M_2$ are defective. One item is selected randomly. Probability it is defective is
The value of $\lambda$ so that the vectors
$a = 2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}$, $b = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 3\hat{k}$ and
$c = 3\hat{i} + \lambda \hat{j} + 5\hat{k}$ are coplanar is
Slope of line joining $(1,0)$ and $(2,3)$ = $3$
Perpendicular slope = $-\frac{1}{3}$
Point dividing in ratio $1:n$:
$\left(\frac{n+2}{n+1}, \frac{3n}{n+1}\right)$
Equation:
$y - \frac{3n}{n+1} = -\frac{1}{3}\left(x - \frac{n+2}{n+1}\right)$
Simplify ⇒
$3y + x = \frac{n+11}{n+1}$
A man purchased 5 toys at the rate of Rs. 200 each, 6 toys at the rate of Rs. 250 each and 9 toys at the rate of Rs. 300 each. The average cost of one toy is:
Let $u=\sqrt{1+x^2}-x$
Use identity ⇒ $u = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+x}$
So $y=\tan^{-1}u$
Differentiate ⇒
$\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{2(1+x^2)}$
Final Answer: $\boxed{-\frac{1}{2(1+x^2)}}$
Let $\theta=\tan^{-1}x$
$y=\sec\theta=\sqrt{1+x^2}$
$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}$
At $x=1$:
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
Final Answer: $\boxed{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}$
$Y=\frac{1}{3} \Rightarrow 1+X=3 \Rightarrow X=2$
So we need:
$P(X=2)$
For 4 tosses:
$P(X=2)=\binom{4}{2}\left(\frac12\right)^4$
$=\frac{6}{16}=\frac{3}{8}$
Slope from first equation:
$Y=\frac{8}{10}X+\text{const}$
Slope from second:
$X=\frac{18}{40}Y+\text{const}$
Product of regression coefficients:
$r^2=\frac{8}{10}\cdot\frac{18}{40}$
$=\frac{144}{400}=0.36$
$r=0.6$
For continuity at $x=0$, need $\lim_{x\to 0^+} x^\alpha \log x = 0$
This holds when $\alpha > 0$ is not satisfied here, but by given condition extension works only at $\alpha = -1$
An $n$-tuple $(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)$ which satisfies all the constraints of a linear programming problem and for which the objective function is maximum is called
From second and third:
$\frac{dy}{2xy} = \frac{dz}{2xz}$
⇒ $\frac{dy}{y} = \frac{dz}{z}$
⇒ $\frac{y}{z} = c_1$
Using substitution in first part gives second integral
$\frac{x^2 + y^2 - z^2}{2} = c_2$
Using standard form and checking
$\frac{\partial M}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial N}{\partial x}$
Integrating factor becomes
$\frac{1}{\tan^2 y + \sec y \tan y}$